Overriding Lithospheric Strength Affects Continental Collisional Mode Selection and Subduction Transference: Implications for the Greater India–Asia Convergent System

The India–Asia collision, starting from 55 ± 5 Ma, leads to the formation of Himalayas and Tibetan Plateau with great gravity potential energy large forces acting on surrounding blocks. However, subduction transference/jump does not occur in southern Indian continental margin or northern oceanic plate as supposed happen repeatedly during preceding Tethys evolution. Instead, collision orogeny continues until present day. total amount convergence has been estimated be ∼2,900–4,000 km needs accommodated by shortening/extrusion and/or Greater plate, which is a challenging issue. In order study mode selection, deformation partition, mass conservation, we integrate reconstruction-based rate into large-scale thermomechanical numerical model systematically investigate effects overriding lithospheric strength convergence. results indicate that absence transference may attributed strain localization shortening rheologically weak plate. case for ∼50 Myr ∼2,900 km, intermediately could reconcile general partition balance Himalayan–Tibetan system. longer period ∼55 significant consistent observations, an basin required continent.